Showing posts with label industry. Show all posts
Showing posts with label industry. Show all posts

National Volunteer Week 2020, #MuseumSunshine, and Earth Day

PHMC's offices and Trails of History sites are currently closed to the public through May 8. Governor Wolf has announced a phased reopening plan; as we learn more about how the Trails of History sites fit that plan, we will keep you posted. The best way to stay up-to-date on site activities and plans is via social media. The April program page has a list of Facebook links for each site; you can find their other social media platforms that way. For up-to-date information on Pennsylvania's response to COVID-19, please visit the Pennsylvania Dept. of Health website.

It has been a busy week on social media for Pennsylvania Trails of History sites. I'm trying my best to keep up with all the activity, but it's impossible. I'm providing a few examples below, but to really get the full picture you'll be best served by following Pennsylvania Trails of History and/or your favorite sites on Facebook (try 'em all - their Facebook links are on the April program page).

National Volunteer Week 2020

Graphic shows shapes of human hands reaching upwards in shades of blue and tan
Part of the graphic design of PHMC's Volunteer of the Year awards ceremony booklet (design by Lauren Bennett)

In last week's post, we gave you info on this year's PHMC Outstanding Service Award recipients and the Volunteer of the Year honorees for the Bureau of Historic Sites and Museums, The State Museum of Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania State Archives. We had planned to celebrate with our honorees in person, but well, you know. We still hope to reschedule that event. As is true for much of what we're doing on the Trails of History right now, we managed lots of online "thank you" posts. As National Volunteer Week draws to a close, here are a few examples (you can find many more on the Facebook pages of our Trails of History sites - links are on the April program page).



PHMC's executive director, Andrea Lowery, (above) provided a heartfelt #ThankYouFromHome to all of our honorees, which PHMC's digital director posted to the Pennsylvania Trails of History Facebook page. Video "thank yous" were also recorded by Brenda Reigle, director of the Bureau of Historic Sites and Museums (her video); Beth Hager, director of The State Museum of Pennsylvania (her video); and David Carmicheal, director of the Pennsylvania State Archives (his video).

Other sites posting "thank you" videos included Erie Maritime Museum and U.S. Brig Niagara (for Outstanding Service Award winners Jack (in memoriam) and Maxine Gold, and the museum's co-honorees for Volunteer of the Year), Drake Well Museum and Park, and the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania.

#MuseumSunshine

On Tuesday, April 21, museum social media accounts were bright and shiny, sharing artwork, objects, and images evoking sunlight. As you can see above, Bushy Run Battlefield took part with an array of images from the site. Daniel Boone Homestead posted a sunny shot of budding spring greenery, and Ephrata Cloister highlighted images of the sun in two fraktur letters in the Christian ABC book in their collection.

Earth Day


Wednesday, April 22, was the 50th anniversary of the first Earth Day. Although the need for distancing certainly torpedoed lots of plans for events to mark the day, social media proved to be up to the challenge of keeping it on people's minds. Pennsbury Manor (above) shared a beautiful photo of a blossoming apple tree in their garden (noting that their tree is a descendant of Sir Isaac Newton's apple tree - you think you know a site). The Pennsylvania Lumber Museum's Facebook cover photo proclaimed that "Every Day is Earth Day," and the Pennsylvania Anthracite Heritage Museum posted photos and info noting that the museum was built as part of a mine reclamation project - the before and after photos are striking.

The Yoyo Drilling Rig at Drake Well

Last week's post lists events on the Trails of History through August 22, and the August program page covers the rest.

My thanks to guest blogger Susan Beates, curator at the Drake Well Museum and Park, for this week's post. Sue notes that site staff "have rearranged the outdoor exhibits at the museum. The goal is to have the outdoor exhibits mirror the themes of the indoor museum, with new signage to challenge visitors to think about the old machinery in new ways. The first phase called for most of the machinery to be moved so the artifacts will be grouped by subject – drilling, producing oil, etc." But first, a brief recap of recent events on the Trails of History.

Previously on the Trails of History

  • The Pennsylvania Military Museum has posted as series of albums from the 2019 Boot Camp for Kids; check out their Facebook page to see them all.
  • If you like photos of animals, you need to visit Pennsbury Manor's page for Duo the Barn Cat, Bill the Ox, and several geese whose names I don't know
  • Ephrata Cloister shared photos from their Ice Cream Social, with visitors enjoying tours of the Saal, music by Ethan Fasnacht and (of course) Turkey Hill ice cream. Visitors also saw demos by the Lancaster Spinning and Weaving Guild and got to know the K-PETS therapy animals
  • Kids attending the Pennsylvania Lumber Museum's Cork Camp spent the first day learning "woodhick" skills and the second day demonstrating those skills at the Cherry Springs Woodsmen Show

The Yoyo Drilling Rig

Metal machinery with geared wheels and a tall structure at one end
The Yoyo Drilling Rig at Drake Well Museum and Park. The tall piece on the left side of the photo is called a "mast."
Seventy-five years ago John Hawley, owner of Northern Ordnance Company of Minneapolis, MN, thought the U.S. needed a new system of exploration in order to avert a potential oil shortage. He jumped into the oil industry and said “Oilmen are a bunch of fuddy-duddies.” His system was to “drill all over hell.” The portable Yoyo Drilling Rig at Drake Well Museum was one way he accomplished that.

Hawley and Albert “Slick” Spence of Pleasantville, PA, designed a heavy-duty "spudding" machine for exclusive use on Northern Ordnance’s Pennsylvania oil leases, which covered over 10,000 acres. Using surplus naval pumps and gun-mount parts from Northern Ordnance's World War II defense contracting jobs, they built about 40 of these flat-bottomed 14-ton machines at Hawley’s Minneapolis factory. It takes a D-6 Caterpillar bulldozer hooked on to the front bottom to tow the rig to a new drilling site. When drilling, the mast leans forward then jumps back up like a yoyo. The machine could drill wells to a depth of 2,000 feet and was used in Warren, Forest and Venango Counties in Pennsylvania's oil region.

Man positions one of two tow trucks needed to move oil drilling rig

This past summer, Shambaugh Towing of Titusville moved the Yoyo Drilling Rig onto a cement pad. As the photo above shows, it took two large tow trucks to pull the beast in place. Its new location next to the Standard Steel Drilling Rig will help visitors see how drilling technology changed over time. (To plan your visit, check out Drake Well Museum's website.)

Programs, Programs, Programs

I hope that you had a safe and fun Independence Day yesterday. (The weather forecast as I write this on July 1 is a bit iffy, so who knows?) Last week's post features Trails of History events through July 11, and the July program page will take you through the end of the month.

As we move into the thick of the summer (I've already been complaining about the heat for two weeks now), there are lots of programs going on (see links above to find out more). There's also plenty of activity behind the scenes and out front for visitors exploring our sites. Here are just a few highlights.

Woman playing a harp on the grounds of Ephrata Cloister with building in background
Harpist performing at Ephrata Cloister's Summer Fest artisan event on June 29 (photo via Facebook)
Ephrata Cloister partnered with Artisans in the Park to offer their first annual Summer Fest, which brought artisans and musicians to the site for a lovely open air event (luckily the thunderstorm held off until mid-afternoon). Photo above is from Saturday's event; you can see more on Ephrata Cloister's Facebook page. Artisans in the Park has also partnered with Conrad Weiser Homestead on several events and will offer a Harvest Festival there on September 28 (see Facebook event page).

PA Lumber Museum curator Joshua Fox recently shared the post above related to the production of birch oil in the lumber region. The museum has a reproduction birch still built by dedicated volunteers. You can see it in operation this weekend at the annual Bark Peelers' Festival.


This year's Patch Town Days event at Eckley Miners' Village featured Italian heritage and culture, and included performances by students at the Keystone Ballet Academy. One of the parents shared video of the dancers - be sure to turn the sound on to hear the music.


PHMC's Keystone Summer Internship program is in full swing and we have a number of great interns working in Harrisburg and at various sites. The Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania introduced their Keystone intern, Mitchell Rebuck, in a recent Facebook post (above) and also featured Benjamin Barnhart, an intern from Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology who is splitting his time between the Railroad Museum (in the restoration shop) and Landis Valley Village and Farm Museum (in the tin shop and blacksmith shop). We'll try to introduce you to some of the other summer interns before summer is over.

On the Trails of History, April 19-May 2

This post will take you through the end of the month. Look for the complete May program page to be posted by April 30 (fingers crossed). Site closings for Easter on April 21 are listed below; the info is accurate to the best of my knowledge.

Drawing of teapot covered in international flags

Anthracite Heritage Museum
April 21: Museum closed for Easter
May 1: Deadline to RSVP for Spring Tea—this year's spring tea, set for May 4 at 1 pm, is "An Immigration Celebration," exploring the role of immigrants in the Scranton area's past, present, and future. The event is geared for visitors age 12 and older. Suggested donation of $20 per person (more details). This event sold out lasst year, so don't wait!

Brandywine Battlefield Park
April 21: Museum closed for Easter
April 23: Revolutionary Dining Series—author Christian Di Spigna will present "Founding Martyr: The Life and Death of Dr. Joseph Warren, the American Revolution's Last Hero" at The Gables at Chadds Ford. Cost is $50 per person and includes dinner, dessert, and the program (cash bar available). More info and online ticketing is available on the website. 6 pm.

Bushy Run Battlefield
April 21: Site closed for Easter

Costumed interpreter shows drawing of homestead to child

Conrad Weiser Homestead
April 21: Site closed for Easter
April 28: Making Sense of History—check out the Facebook Event page for more details on this multi-sensory program. Noon-4 pm.

Cornwall Iron Furnace
April 21: Site closed for Easter

Daniel Boone Homestead
April 21: Site closed for Easter
April 27: Sheep and Fiber Day—the Homestead sheep will be sheared and artisans will demonstrate various steps of the textile production process (more info on Facebook event page). Vendors will be on hand with items made from alpaca and sheep's wool. Food will be available for purchase throughout the day. Cost is $7 for ages 13 and up, free for Friends members and kids age 12 and under. 10 am-4 pm.

The Olin engine runs the outdoor oil drilling equipment at Drake Well

Drake Well Museum and Park
April 21: Site closed for Easter
April 27: Something More Saturday—it's Engine Start Up Day, as the Olin engine that runs the Central Powers exhibit gets restarted for the 2018 visitation season. Blacksmith demonstrations will also be on the schedule. Included in regular admission. 10 am-3 pm.

Eckley Miners' Village
April 21: Site closed for Easter

Ephrata Cloister
April 21: Site closed for Easter

Erie Maritime Museum and U.S. Brig Niagara
April 19: Easter Egg-stravaganza—this Little Mates Kids Club event will include a visit with the Easter Bunny. Cost is $5 per person, free for members of the Little Mates Kids Club. 10 am-noon.
April 21: Museum closed for Easter

Fort Pitt Museum
Please visit the website for information on hours and programs.

Painting of Hannah Penn by Ellen Cooper

Graeme Park
April 21: Site closed for Easter
April 24: Lunch and Learn—"Hannah Penn" is the topic, and the speaker is Doug Miller, site administrator at Pennsbury Manor. Pre-registration is required (Details on program and link to registration form). 10:30 am-1:30 pm.

Hope Lodge
April 21: Site closed for Easter
April 28: Site open—guided tours are at 1:00 and 2:30 pm. Admission charged. 1-4 pm.

Joseph Priestley House
April 21: Site closed for Easter

Landis Valley Village and Farm Museum
Multiple Dates: Craft and Trade Classes for Adults—visit the Landis Valley website for the full list; times and fees vary.
April 21: Site closed for Easter

Old Economy Village
April 21: Site closed for Easter
April 27: Saturday Spotlight Programs—a variety of lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on learning will be presented. Costs and details vary, so check the website for more information.

Pennsbury Manor
April 20: Paths Less Traveled—enjoy a behind the scenes tour of the Manor House, visiting areas not generally open to the public. This is a Members-Only Event, but it's never too late to join. Reservations are required; call 215/946-0400. 10 am-4 pm.
April 21: Site closed for Easter
April 28: Sunday Programming—this week's focus is Beer Brewing and Garden Highlights. Included in regular admission. Programming runs 1-4 pm, site open noon-5 pm.

Pennsylvania Lumber Museum
April 21: Site closed for Easter
May 2: Potter County Envirothon—local high school students test their knowledge of ecology, conservation, and the care and management of our natural world during this annual event presented in cooperation with the Potter County Conservation District. 9 am.

Reenactor portraying World War I soldier beside trench set-up

Pennsylvania Military Museum
April 21: Museum closed for Easter
April 27-28: The Great War Remembered—this weekend remembers World War I with lectures, film, and a living history encampment that demonstrates life on the Western Front. Saturday lectures at 10:30, 1:30, and 3:30. Sunday film at 1:30 (check the website for details and updates). 10 am-4 pm each day.

Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania
April 21: Museum closed for Easter
April 25: Wine & Paint Night—we'll supply the art materials, light snacks, and the subject (a world-class locomotive). You supply your beverage of choice and the desire to learn to paint. Artist Michelle Verdegem will lead the class, which will take place among the trains (more info on Facebook event). Class is limited to 20 adults (purchase tickets online through Eventbrite). 6:30-8 pm.

Somerset Historical Center
April 21: Museum closed for Easter
April 26-28: Cottage Craft Coopering—learn the traditional skills of the cooper, using hand-tools to make your own maple sugar keeler (bucket). Workshop teachers include people who have been coopering for many years and learned from the best. More info and registration details on the website.

State Museum of Pennsylvania
Planetarium Schedule—visit the website for a complete schedule of planetarium shows.
April 21: Museum closed for Easter

Washington Crossing Historic Park
Please visit the website for information on hours and programs.

Trails of History Events, Jan. 11-24

The January program page will take you all the way to the end of the month. Here's what's happening in the next couple of weeks. Please note that most Trails of History sites will be closed on Jan. 21 for the Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday.

Also, the Pennsylvania State Archives Research Room remains closed to the public through January 12; staff will be at the PA Farm Show providing access to free genealogy searches via Ancestry.com. Last week's post includes info on PHMC at the PA Farm Show (thru Jan. 12).

Wednesday, Jan. 16, is Museum Selfie Day! Share your favorite museum selfie using the hashtag #MuseumSelfie and, please, also tag the museum where you took the photo. Learn more @MuseumSelfieDay on Twitter.


State Museum dugout canoe popular at PA Farm Show
State Museum of PA archaeologist Jim Herbstritt with admirers of the dugout canoe at 2019 PA Farm Show (via Facebook)
Anthracite Heritage Museum
Jan. 19: Knox Mine Disaster Program—this annual program marks the anniversary of the Knox Mine Disaster (Jan. 22, 1959), when the Susquehanna River broke through the roof of the River Slope Mine, killing 12 miners. Click "interested" on the Facebook event page to get updates on the event. 2-5 pm. (Info on this and other Anthracite Heritage Month activities.)

Brandywine Battlefield Park
Jan. 22: Revolutionary Dining Series—artist Adrian Martinez will present "The Facts Remain the Same, Only the Meaning Changes: Picturing the Battle of Brandywine for the 21st Century" and discuss his latest series of oil paintings, oil sketches, and drawings which serve as the groundwork for his current project depicting the largest land engagement of the American Revolution, the Battle of Brandywine, and its immediate aftermath (details on Facebook event page). Program is held at The Gables at Chadds Ford. Cost is $50 per person (cash bar available); tickets are available online via Brandywine's website. 6-9 pm.

Daniel Boone Homestead
Jan. 13: Fireside Tales—gather around the fire in the Wayside Lodge to hear a tale, "Fiona's Lace," and enjoy cookies and cocoa (more info on Facebook event page). Dress for the weather. Suggested donation of $2 per person. 2 pm.

Erie Maritime Museum and U.S. Brig Niagara
UPDATE 1/23/19 - unfortunately this event has been cancelled Jan. 24: Storytime at the Maritime—guest reader Emmanual White from U.S. Coast Guard Station Erie will read A Lighthouse Saves the Day, which highlights the importance of lighthouses and the work of the Coast Guard. Program is free for members of the museum's Little Mates Kids Club. Nonmembers pay $5, or you can join for $12 to enjoy all the other programs coming up. 10-11 am.

Fort Pitt Museum
Through Feb. 1: Museum closed—Fort Pitt Museum will be closed during the month of January for exhibit upgrades and maintenance. It will reopen on Feb. 2.

Old Economy Village
Jan. 19: Lecture—Univ. of Pittsburgh professor Dr. Bryan Hanks has been using various forms of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to investigate the Harmonist Cemetery in Ambridge. He will discuss the cemetery, his research, what he has learned about Harmony Society burial practices (more details). Lecture is free. 2-3:30 pm.

Pennsylvania Lumber Museum
Jan. 19: Film Screening—the museum, in cooperation with Trout Unlimited (TU), the Tioga County Conservation District, and Mansfield University, will host a screening of the documentary film Stories from the Fountain: A TU Native Brook Trout Odyssey. The film explores the connection between Pennsylvania's forests and the health and well-being of our trout streams. Admission to the film is free. 1 pm.
Jan. 20: Eclipse Viewing Party—there will be a lunar eclipse tonight and you can view it from the museum grounds. Pre-eclipse events will begin at 9 pm and eclipse viewing will start at 11 pm (details of program schedule on Facebook event page). The skies in this part of PA are especially dark and folks are very knowledgeable about nighttime photography, so this is one not to miss. UPDATE: if you're planning to attend, please call the museum to register; that way they have your contact info if the weather decides not to cooperate.

Pennsylvania Military Museum
Jan. 19: Discussion—museum educator Joe Horvath will lead a discussion on the topic, "A Brief History of War and Consequences - 20th Century," exploring the evolution of military and political conflicts. Program is free. 10 am.

Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania
Jan. 21: Museum open—the museum will be open today for the Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday (the museum is closed the other Mondays in January). 9 am-5 pm.

The State Museum of Pennsylvania
January Planetarium Shows—full list of programs and times is on the website.
Jan. 17: Curiosity Kids—visit Nature Lab to learn about SLIME! Geared for ages 3-6 with an adult, this program is included in general admission. 11:30 am.
Jan. 18: Learn at Lunchtime—special showing the museum's new planetarium show, Faster than Light! The Dream of Interstellar Flight. Appropriate for grade 6 and up. Regular fees apply. 12:15 pm (doors close promptly).

Washington Crossing Historic Park
Please visit the Washington Crossing website for info on this month's programs and schedule.

Looking at History

Be sure to check out the July program page for events coming up. PLEASE NOTE that the State Museum and Archives Complex in Harrisburg will be closed to the public tomorrow and Sunday, July 15-16, for completion of a major electrical upgrade.

"History" means different things to different people. Recent news about changes at Colonial Williamsburg, as one example, prompted discussion (at least among the folks in my Facebook and Twitter feeds) about whether or not anyone values history, other than those of us who are professional purveyors of it. On the other hand, museums are working very hard to continue to be places "where the truth can be found." I assume that readers of this blog are conscious of "history" every day in some capacity or another and that I spend much of my time in that space as well. I think, however, that everyone is a consumer of history, deliberately or otherwise. That is partly because I know that the present is profoundly influenced by events and conditions of the past. But the present is equally influenced (maybe moreso?) by the stories we tell ourselves and each other about the past (and the future). Facts matter, but we don't always agree on what the facts even are, let alone what they mean. The past was complicated. Studying the details of everyday life, political life, military conflict, what have you - it shows us that we in the present day are not alone in time. The people who came before us had to deal every day with the uncertainty of "tomorrow," as we do now. Sometimes we can learn from them; sometimes we have to be content with their companionship.

A number of news items ran across my desk this week that highlight the ways we preserve and use history, the value that work has to our communities, and the connections history helps us make.

PA Military Museum Great War Remembered 2016
"The Great War Remembered" at PA Military Museum, 2016
Centennials and other anniversaries

UPDATE/CORRECTION - Today's Yesterday's official commemoration of "le 14 juillet" (we call it "Bastille Day") in Paris featured a salute to Americans who fought in World War I, in recognition of the centennial of U.S. entry into the war and the long history of cooperation between the U.S. and France (it has become French tradition to incorporate such symbols of friendship with other nations into the Bastille Day festivities). Some 200 American service members, including the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds, took part in the military parade down the Champs-Elysées. At the invitation of French President Emmanuel Macron, U.S. President Donald J. Trump and First Lady Melania Trump attended the ceremonies and took part in honoring the occasion. (Photos posted by U.S. Army Center of Military History.)

At the same time that U.S. military forces were arriving in Europe to fight alongside French and British troops 100 years ago, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was moving to commemorate an important event in an earlier conflict. On July 25, 1917, Washington Crossing Historic Park was established to mark the spot where General Washington and his Continental Army crossed the Delaware River on December 25-26, 1776, to strike Hessian forces in Trenton and to honor the memory of the soldiers fighting for American independence. To celebrate the park's centennial, free tours and events are planned for next weekend (the only event requiring a reservation is the birthday party on July 23). For more information, visit WCHP's Facebook page.


Bushy Run History Camp 2017
Bushy Run Battlefield Summer History Camp 2017

Valuing History

A recent article in the Times-Tribune announced that Scranton has beaten out Bethlehem and Boston to host the 2018 International Conference on Contemporary Cast Iron Art. The conference, which occurs every four years, has not been held in the U.S. since 2002. The article notes that the Scranton Iron Furnaces and its annual Arts on Fire festival were key factors in drawing the conference, which will focus on "post-industrial iron." Arts on Fire includes a variety of artisan activities, including an iron pour and glass blowing (more info). The event and the community partnerships that make it possible have helped to bring attention to Scranton's south side and the Iron Furnaces. Much logistical work remains for the May 28-June 2 conference, which is expected to bring 800-1,000 people to Scranton.

In an op-ed piece responding to an article in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette that painted a grim picture of Westmoreland County, county commissioner Ted Kopas (D) cited numerous factors that he believes are cause for a more optimistic view. Among them was Bushy Run Battlefield, which Kopas included (along with other heritage sites) as a great place for history buffs and one of many recreational opportunities for the public. Earlier this week the Tribune-Review provided an excellent overview of Bushy Run's summer history day camp. Reenactors worked with site volunteers and staff to teach 25 campers about Native American life in the area at the time of Pontiac's Rebellion. Last year's camp focused on British military life and next year's will look at British colonists in the area. The online version of the article includes video of the camp activities and a nice segment with reenactor Tom Vecchio explaining the value of sharing history and lifeways with the campers. You can see reenactors representing Native Americans, British military, and colonial settlers at the annual commemoration of the Battle of Bushy Run, August 5-6.

Intersection of Rt 322 and Rt 222 at Ephrata Cloister ca. 1942
Ephrata Cloister ca. 1942
photo shows Academy building to left and Sisters' House toward right (from Facebook)

Connecting to history in multiple ways

Ephrata Cloister has recently been sharing historic photos of the site around the time it was acquired by the PHMC and during its restoration. It is a fascinating documentation of the relatively more recent history of Ephrata's buildings. Staff have included notes about the photos to help connect the earlier history or to explain the restoration process. Visit Ephrata's Facebook page to see them all. (On a related note, the National Museum of American History posted a video tour of their new exhibit, "Religion in Early America.")

At Old Economy Village, changes are happening to the way visitors experience the historic buildings. Now, rather than taking a single guided tour that includes all the major buildings (especially those where security, safety, and collections care needs prohibit a self-guided tour), visitors will have some choices. They'll still start at the Visitor Center to purchase tickets and see the orientation film and exhibits and they will enter the historic area via a tour of the Natural History Museum/Feast Hall. But at that point they can choose self-guided tours of the Blacksmith Shop (newly expanded), Cabinet Shop, Community Kitchen, and Carriage House or guided tours in several different "zones" including the Cobblestone Street Buildings and/or the George and Frederick Rapp Houses. On special event days and Spotlight Saturdays, additional craft and trade demonstrations or other activities will be available as well. Visitors who enjoy guided tours and have more time to spend on site still have the option, and visitors who prefer to be more self-directed can structure their time to their liking.

The Mansfield Free Public Library recently posted photos of a visit to their summer reading program by PA Lumber Museum site administrator Josh Roth, who brought hands-on activities to the library to help teach about history. The Lumber Museum has been working with all kinds of partners to share lumber and forestry history with the public in local communities and to encourage visitation to the museum. Mansfield is one of a growing number of local libraries participating in the museum's library pass program, which provides free regular admission to the museum's indoor and outdoor exhibits.

Road Trip!!

Today's post (including photos except where noted) comes from PA State Archives intern Ryan Zsifkov, chronicling the annual Keystone intern field trip (more info on PHMC's Keystone Summer Internship Program.) If you missed it, Ryan had an earlier post on the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal. Thanks, Ryan, for the posts and best wishes for your further studies.

Keystone_interns_at_Ephrata
Keystone interns and mentors at Ephrata Cloister (photo by Amy Jukus)

Scattered throughout the Commonwealth are historical gems, each of which provide a glimpse into the narrative that is our past; among these gems are Ephrata Cloister and the Cornwall Iron Furnace. As an intern with PHMC I have had many great experiences and opportunities; I recently added to that list a field trip to both of these locations.

Sisters_House_Ephrata_Cloister
(l to r) Sisters' House, Saal, and intern Kendra Ressler

Our first stop, Ephrata Cloister, was a relatively small community of German immigrants who were seeking a more personal and devout relationship with their religion. Like many others during the 18th century, they sought their liberty of conscience in colonial Pennsylvania. Established in 1732 by Conrad Beissel, who was exiled from Germany because of his religious beliefs, Ephrata Cloister quickly grew into a notable and independent community. They promoted celibacy and remained continuously engaged in the arts and prayer. Their life was simple, yet intentionally uncomfortable and busy. Everyone slept on wooden beds without padding and used blocks of wood as pillows. Their schedule was routine and strenuous.

Each member of the community would wake at approximately six o’clock in the morning and pray for one hour. They would then get right to work in whatever tasks they had for the day, typically whatever skilled labor they had been assigned or volunteered for. At around noon they would pray for another hour and then immediately go back to work. In the evening they would all gather and eat dinner, which was typically a small meal without any kind of meat. They would then go back to work until nine o’clock at night. After three hours sleep, they awoke at midnight to await the coming of Jesus, whom they believed would return within Conrad Beissel’s lifetime; they would wait for two hours and then go back to sleep to wake the next morning and repeat the process. Their only day off was on Saturday, which was the day on which they observed the Sabbath. Such a strict schedule was intended to keep the community more focused on God and less on earthly matters.

Fraktur_demo_Ephrata_Cloister
Examples of Fraktur and writing implements

Each member of the community was educated and learned to read and write. Many delved into the arts, contributing to many of the things for which Ephrata Cloister was known. Their German calligraphy, known as Frakturschriften, can be seen in many of their manuscripts. The iconic white robes donned by each member of the community were all made on site. The community also became extremely well known for its music; they wrote hundreds of hymns that became widely recognized. Perhaps the most significant part of their legacy is their printing. Ephrata Cloister had a large printing operation complete with its own paper mill, printing office and book bindery in which customers could choose what binding they wanted on their books. [Editor's note: ten copies of The Martyr's Mirror, an important religious text printed at Ephrata in the 18th century, are on exhibit in the Visitor Center through September.]

Physicians_House_and_Small_Bake_House
(center) Physician's House and Small Bake House

After our guided tour through some of the original remaining buildings and artifacts at Ephrata Cloister, we departed for the Cornwall Iron Furnace. The iron furnace at Cornwall is the only intact furnace of its kind in the Western Hemisphere, and in its heyday was self-sufficient. All of the resources, from the wood for charcoal to the iron ore, were gathered in the hills and surrounding areas of the furnace. Towns were built to provide housing and a sense of community for its workers.

Elements_of_iron_smelting
Elements needed for iron production: iron ore, charcoal, limestone

The furnace was established by Peter Grubb, who (with his father) immigrated from Cornwall, England, to Pennsylvania. A stone mason, Grubb recognized immediately the significance of the iron ore-rich hills, and by 1742 the furnace (named in honor of his home) had begun operations. After Grubb's death a decade later, Cornwall was passed on to his sons who continued to run the facility until around 1798, when the furnace was acquired by Robert Coleman. Coleman was extremely successful in the management of the furnace and quickly became one of the wealthiest men in the state. By the 1880s a newer and more efficient smelting process, fueled by anthracite coal, made the furnace in Cornwall obsolete. In 1883, after nearly a century and a half of productivity, the Cornwall Iron Furnace ceased operations.
Cornwall_Iron_Furnace
Cornwall Iron Furmace

My time with PHMC over the course of the summer has been an enriching and rewarding experience. It opened my eyes to the plethora of locations throughout the state where our past is preserved so that anyone can glimpse first-hand our history, such as at Ephrata and Cornwall. Furthermore, my time here as an intern has bolstered my appreciation of our past; it has broadened my horizons and presented a multitude of new avenues from which to approach the study and preservation of history.

The Pennsylvania Main Line Canal

Be sure to check out the July program listings for events and activities on the Trails of History this month.

Today's post comes from Ryan Zsifkov, currently studying at East Stroudsburg University for a master's degree in history (he holds a BA in history (minor in anthropology) from Penn State). Ryan is serving an internship at the PA State Archives as part of the PHMC's Keystone Summer Internship Program. Thanks, Ryan, for sharing your research with Trailheads readers.


Canal_system_map
Map showing Pennsylvania's canals and rivers

The Pennsylvania Canal, a mostly forgotten piece of history, was at one time a significant component of the Commonwealth’s economy and an essential mode of transportation throughout the state. Spurred onward by competition from New York and the forward-thinking imagination of Pennsylvanian leaders, merchants, and industrialists, the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal was in existence for nearly seven decades before falling into disuse in the latter half of the 19th century.

Canal_boat_on_Delaware_Canal_RG-6
Delaware Canal above Upper Reans Eddy
(Record Group 6, PA State Archives)
In 1817 the State of New York began a revolutionary project to connect its eastern ports and the Hudson River with Lake Erie and Buffalo in the west. The Erie Canal heightened fears among many Pennsylvanian merchants that New York would become even more prosperous and appealing and would threaten commerce in Philadelphia. Pennsylvania responded by building the Pennsylvania Main Line Canal, which connected Philadelphia in the east to Pittsburgh in the west. This enormous undertaking was completed in several sections, requiring a substantial investment of capital from the Commonwealth. By 1834, after decades of planning and construction, the canal was in use transporting millions of pounds of goods along its scenic routes throughout the state.

Using waterways as a mode of transportation was not a new idea. In fact, William Penn had proposed using them when he had the Philadelphia region surveyed for settlement, choosing the city's location at least in part to be near the Delaware and the Schuylkill. Prior to the Main Line Canal smaller companies had built an increasingly intricate system of canals throughout the state, but most only connected relatively local waterways. The Pennsylvania Main Line Canal connected the east to the west, allowing goods from the ports in Philadelphia to be easily distributed throughout the State and to travel as far as Pittsburgh.

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Canal at Narrowsville, PA
(RG-6, PA State Archives)
The Commonwealth's rugged terrain and rivers presented obstacles throughout the construction of the Main Line Canal. A complex array of locks and gates were constructed, similar to those already in use in England and elsewhere in the United States. A standard lift-lock had gates on either end. When a boat approached needing to move from lower to higher elevation (for example), a sluice gate opened to drain water from the lock chamber to the level of the water on which the boat was floating. The lock's lower gate opened to allow the boat to enter and then closed behind it. The water level in the lock chamber was then raised to the level of the water in front of the upper gate and the gate would open, freeing the boat at the higher level. [Editor's note: the website for the Schuylkill Canal Association has an animation of how locks work.] Creeks and other waterways that presented obstacles were bridged via aqueducts and culverts. To maintain an adequate supply of water to the canals numerous dams were constructed on the rivers feeding into the canal. In areas where there were great distances between two lift-locks, stop-locks were constructed to halt the flow of water so that sections could be drained for maintenance to keep the canals operable.

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Lock at Schuylkill Junction
(RG-6, PA State Archives)
Millions of dollars were spent on maintenance for the lift-locks, aqueducts, feeders, dams, bridges, and workmen’s wages. By the end of the 19th century canals had been mostly displaced by the railroads. Many of them were bought out by railroad companies and fell into disrepair. As the Pennsylvania Railroad expanded, the cost of maintaining both the rail lines and the canals became far too great. The beginning of the end for the canals came with the widespread use and increased manufacturing of steam locomotives. Increasingly efficient locomotives took much of the trade from the canals; by 1890 all but approximately 144 miles of Pennsylvania’s canals were abandoned and left to succumb to the forces of nature.

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Overflow, Delaware Canal
(RG-6, PA State Archives)
The Pennsylvania Canal was once one of the most impressive and intricate networks of its kind in the United States; in its heyday it was integral to both intrastate and interstate commerce. With 19th-century pick axes and tools Pennsylvanians labored tirelessly to complete approximately 1,250 miles of canal waterways. Today very few remnants of the canals remain; however if you are willing to trek off the beaten path and know where to look the remains of old gates and lock houses can still be found. As you drive along the many highways and back roads throughout the Commonwealth be sure to keep an eye out for historical markers indicating the locations where the iconic Pennsylvania Canal once stood.

A Walk through the Past: A Tour of Historic Harrisburg

Looking for something to do this weekend? The June program listings have it all.

This week we present guest blogger Corine Lehigh, a PHMC Keystone intern working in the PA State Archives. Corine recently earned a BA in American Studies from Southern New Hampshire University. In this post, she shares info and images from a walking tour of Harrisburg (her list of additional resources on Harrisburg history can be found on a separate page). Thanks, Corine.

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Some of this summer's Keystone Interns. Guest blogger Corine Lehigh is in the front row in pink, with tour leader Pam Reilly behind her (photo by Amy Jukus)
Being an intern for the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) isn’t all getting coffee and donuts for staffers. In fact - it’s none of that! Being an intern at PHMC is working for people who really want to see you succeed. Everyone is incredibly helpful and open to any questions you might have. The other great thing is all of the events they have planned for us. So far this summer we have toured 4 of the 5 Bureaus of the PHMC: the State Museum, State Archives, Bureau for Historic Preservation, and Historic Sites and Museums. Everywhere we go along the way we meet people who are excited about history, and most started just like us, as interns. One of these great people we have met is Pam Reilly from the Bureau for Historic Preservation. On Wednesday June 3rd, Pam took 13 of the summer interns on a walking tour of the Harrisburg Capitol Complex and revitalized Midtown area. Pam is a native of Harrisburg and a fountain of fun facts and knowledge about the area.

Pam started our tour outside The State Museum and gave us a brief overview of the changing façade of Harrisburg over the years, including buildings that may not be in fashion architecturally (and are quite dated looking) but still hold historic meaning. You can look down any street in the downtown and midtown area and see evidence of how much Harrisburg has changed over the years. Newer buildings are next to older buildings. 1970s buildings (like the one below, across the street from the Archives) are smack dab next to buildings that date to the late 1800s. Pam pointed out to us that like all cities, Harrisburg changes its face every few decades to keep up with demand and new architectural styles.

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Office building at 3rd & Forster, across from the State Archives
We moved on to the steps of the Capitol Building, which Pam explained was the third capitol built in this place. Devastating fires contributed to the changing façade of the Capitol Complex. Very few of the original buildings remain from the 1821 construction. The early buildings can be identified by their shorter proportions and simplistic design indicative of the Federal period. The city’s period of greatest development was in the late 19th and early 20th century. Contractors and architects worked to seamlessly combine the new and the old. The result is a beautiful mix of Federal-style buildings from multiple decades throughout Harrisburg’s history.

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PA Capitol Building with East Wing addition
Another interesting stop on our tour was the Forum Building. Alexis Henry, Archives intern, mentioned that she has been seeing operettas at the Forum since she was in grade school. I have attended Third in the Burg activities there, including a celebration of Women’s History Month. The Forum is a beautiful round building located to the south of the Capitol on Walnut Street. All of the exterior doors have metalwork depicting various cultures throughout history and artistic human hands jut out of the side of the building holding torches for lighting. The metal figures range from Egyptians to carpenters to farmers. The inside of the Forum is also worth a look. The large round auditorium has the most beautiful ceiling. Recessed lighting depicts the constellations and a large golden sun in the center of it all. I could have stood gazing at the ceiling for hours, but alas our tour had to move on. As we exited the Forum Elizabeth Sein, who is working on the Distinguished Daughters of Pennsylvania Collection at the Archives, noticed an interesting sign, which I thought I would share just so everyone knows if they plan a trip to the Forum: Balloons are not allowed!

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Constellations and sun on ceiling of Forum Auditorium
Near the corner of Walnut Street and 7th Street you can see the trains go underneath the State Street Bridge. By the mid-19th century, the Pennsylvania Mainline Canal connecting Philadelphia and Pittsburgh had brought both economic and population growth to Harrisburg. In 1850, the city population numbered 7800, but it nearly doubled, reaching 13,400, within the next ten years. Warehouses and businesses sprang up along the canal to handle the freight brought in by its boats. I could go on and on about the canals in Pennsylvania, as I find internal improvements absolutely fascinating – but that’s a story for another day. It’s worth a glance as you go over the State Street Bridge to remember that Harrisburg grew rapidly during the late 19th and early 20th century because it was a transportation hub. Trains are still a frequent sight here, but commercial activity used to be a lot busier. When you view a city through a transportation lens a lot of things can come out of the woodwork.

We left the Forum and moved around the back of the Capitol to the site of the old Eighth Ward of Harrisburg. The Eighth Ward abutted the Pennsylvania Canal; gambling dens, brothels, saloons, and inns sprang up to provide "services" to the men working on the canal boats. The Eighth Ward’s notorious reputation grew. During the Civil War, Union soldiers stopping at nearby Camp Curtin on their way north or south found lively entertainment in what became known as the "Bloody Eighth." When the Capitol building burned down in February of 1897, some began to lobby state government to rebuild it in Philadelphia, stating that Harrisburg lacked the refinement a capital city should have. A major part of the problem was the proximity of the Eighth Ward to the Capitol. Throughout the following years the Eighth Ward calmed down greatly from its heyday, but the reputation stuck. [Note (7/7/15): an editing error in the following sentence has been corrected] By 1925 the city had leveled the Eighth Ward to expand the Capitol Complex, adding office buildings and green space. Once again, demand changed the face of Harrisburg.

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Soldiers_Grove
(Top) Harrisburg's 8th Ward, looking west toward Capitol Dome
(Bottom) Looking east across Soldiers Grove, which replaced 8th Ward buildings

Another Good Week for History

Before we dig in, I'll note that most, but not all, Trails of History sites will be open on Monday, May 25, for Memorial Day. To avoid surprises, be sure to check the list of open sites.

I guess I should say that all weeks are good weeks for history, but I had to title this post something. As mentioned in a previous post, May 15 was a big day on the Trails of History. Eckley Miners' Village unveiled a new state historical marker celebrating 160+ years of an anthracite patch town's heritage (you can find the text of the marker in an article from the Standard Speaker).

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Marker_unveiling_Eckley_Miners_Village
Top: Site Administrator Bode Morin speaks to the crowd at Eckley
Bottom: Daughter and granddaughters of John and Beth Hensley unveil the marker; a fund established in memory of the Hensleys covered most of the cost of the marker (photos courtesy Eckley Miners' Village)

And we cut the ribbon on the expanded visitor center at the Pennsylvania Lumber Museum and its new core exhibit, "Challenges and Choices in Pennsylvania's Forests." Tweets and photos from the Lumber Museum event are gathered on Storify, and here are a few photos I took on Saturday, as visitors enjoyed free admission and programs.

Top: A walk on the Sustainable Forestry Trail with a DCNR forester
Middle: Birch twigs heated in the Birch Still to extract oil of wintergreen
Bottom: Bill Jamerson performs his CCC program for an appreciative crowd

The May program listings will tell you most of what you need to know about events and activities the rest of the month. But I'd like to highlight a few things related to Memorial Day weekend. (But first, you might like to read an article about the annual 28th Division "Celebration of Service" that took place last weekend at the Pennsylvania Military Museum.)
  • Saturday and Sunday, May 23-24, 10 am-4 pm, Pennsylvania Military Museum: American and German WWII reenactors will be bivouacked on the museum grounds portraying field life in the European Theater of Operations, 1944-45, as part of the "World War II Revisited" program. Grounds will be open 10 am-4 pm. Saturday only, at 2:30 pm, "Letters from Home: A Serviceman's Canteen Show” will entertain the troops and homefront crowd (please bring your own seating). Inside the museum, May 23-25, you'll find a small exhibit of the Civil War casket flag of Amos Myers and the WWII Medal of Honor of Foster J. Sayers, both Centre County soldiers.
  • Sunday, May 24, 1 pm, Washington Crossing Historic Park: a memorial observance at the Continental soldiers gravesite, Thompson-Neely House (Upper Park). Stop by the Visitor Center to see the new exhibit, "The Gentleman Soldier," that highlights the economic and social differences between senior officers and rank-and-file soldiers of the Continental Army.

The Fall Brook Coal and Railway Company Project

It's still #MuseumWeek. Today (3/27) is #FamilyMW, tomorrow is #FavMW, and Sunday is #PoseMW (read more in last week's post). So far this week, @PennsburyManor, @LandisValley, @FriendsofWCP, @EphrataCloister, @BushyRun, and @PHMC have been tweeting their little hearts out (me too). Find something to tweet about this weekend on the Trails of History.

Thanks to Kurt Bell and Joshua Stahlman from the PA State Archives and to intern Carolyn Wasser for providing information and images for this post.

In 2014, the Pennsylvania State Archives requested and received a $3,845 grant from the Tom E. Dailey Foundation to fund the MG-48 Fall Brook Coal and Railway Company Records project. The project, administered in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Heritage Foundation, began in late August and was completed last week (on March 17). The grant money supported intern Carolyn Wasser, an undergraduate history student from Kutztown University, who processed a total of 29 cartons and 489 folders of material. Carolyn completed the first four series--Col. John Magee’s Correspondence (1893-1900), the Hon. John Magee’s Correspondence (1860-1868), Fall Brook Coal Company Agents’ Correspondence (1860-1897), the Fall Brook Coal Company General Correspondence (1860-1919)--and part of the Fall Brook Coal Company Railroad Correspondence (1860-1919).

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MG-48 Records - (left) unprocessed and (right) processed (photo PA State Archives)
Carolyn created a blog to share information about the Fall Brook Collection and her work processing the records, which included letters, memoranda, and other documentation of company operations in Tioga County, PA, and southern New York State. In the first post she introduced herself to the public: "I am a History and Library Science dual major at Kutztown University as well as a Pennsylvania German and International Studies minor. I am Vice President of Kutztown History Club and the National History Day advisor for Kutztown Area School District. I enjoy local, labor, and environmental history. I enjoy hiking, running, kayaking, and eating pumpkin flavored things."

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Intern Carolyn Wasser with Fall Brook Coal and Railway Company records (photo PA State Archives)
In her blog posts, Carolyn highlighted documents that drew her interest and shared additional information and research to put them in historical context--such as an 1894 letter that touches on transportation, labor disputes, and personal milestones or a letter written just after the start of the Civil War. My favorite post is the one in which she illustrates the variety of fasteners (Pins to Paperclips) that she found among the correspondence and researched.

Although the internship has officially ended, Carolyn reports in a final blog post that she will be returning to the Archives to conduct additional research for papers that she is writing about her work. In addition to writing series descriptions for the records she processed (helping to preserve them and make them available to Archives researchers), she also added to her understanding of industrial and labor history and will be sharing that, she hopes, through conference presentations in addition to papers she writes as part of her coursework. Sounds like a valuable and worthwhile internship all the way around. Thanks to the Dailey Foundation, the Archives staff, and Carolyn Wasser for supporting and sharing this work.